Improvement in organs



4 Sheets-Sheet 1. i C. H. DAVE 8E W. JACKSON..

ORGAN.

No. 103,723` Patented May 31, 1870.

S FL S S FL N H W 4 SheetsmSheet 2.

C. H. DAVIE 8v W. JACKSON. ORGAN.

No. 103,723. Patented May s1, 1870.

4 Shea't-lSheet C. H. DAVIE 8v W. JACKSON. ORGAN.

No. 103,723. Patented May s1, 1870.

m: Ncnms PETERS ceA Pam-auna. vAsmNmoNY u. c. d

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

C. H. DAVIE &VW. JACKSON ORGAN.

PatentedMay 31, 1870.

, tbtted l taten aient @pitre Letters Patent No. 103,723, dated May 31, 1870.

IMPROVEMENT IN ORGANS.

The Schedule referred to in thele Letters Patent and making part of the same.

To all whom 4it may concern Be it known that we, CHARLES H. DAvrn and WILLIAM JACKSON, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Organs; and we do hereby declare the following to be a t'ull, clear, and exact-dd, scrlption of the same, reference being had to the ac-j.

the bottom of the instlument.

Our invention relates more particularly to that class of instruments known as reed-organs.

Its object is to enlarge the capacity of said organs, by combining therewith organ-pipes or free reeds, sounded upon the French system, and by enabling the performer to produce at will any particular note or series of notes with increased prominence.

American reed-organs are distinguished by the peculiarity known as the exhaust-bellows, the wind being drawn through the reeds inward by the bellows, instead of being forced through by the bellows outward, which latter is known as the French plan or system.

- Our invention consists, therefore- First, in a combination of exhaust and pressurebellows in the same instrument, and conveniently operated by the same power and using the same wind.

Second, in the construction and arrangement of the feeders and the receiving wind-chest.

lhird, in the exhaust-regulator, combined with the American reeds.

Fourth, in the arrangement of a regulating-valve, to prevent an undue pressure in the reservoir.

Fifth, in the device by means of which any one note may be coupled with additional reeds or pipes, and thus produce unusual prominence of tone.

`,flhat others may fully understand our invention, we shall now particularly describe the construction and operation of an instrument combining the different parts of the same, as above enumerated.

In the drawing three banks of keys are represented, though that particular number is not necessary to the accomplishment of the results attained in our invention. Said banks are designated by the letters A B C. The keys ofthe bank .AA operate primai-ily the reeds D, which are sounded on the American plan, by an exhaust-bellows. The keys of the bank B operate primarily the valves of the organpipes E, which are necessarily sounded by pressure,- and the keys ot' the bank C operate primarily the valves of the French reeds F, which are also sounded by pressure.

"This arrangement of keys in separate banks is preferred, because it posseses advantages which are l'amillar to n'iusicians, though it is evident that the various combinations of American and French reeds and organ-pipes might be produced with a less number ot' keys and a proper arrangement ot' couplers or-stops.

In the drawing we represent a series of couplers, by means of which the several banks may be joined as desired; but the usent' coupling devices is so well understood that it is not necessary to describe them particularly.v

' `Gr is the rcedlboard, in which thc American reeds D and the French reeds F are set.

Below the reed-board G is a wind-chest, II, divided lougitudimilly by the partition I, forming two chambers, communicating, respectively, with the exhaust and pressure-bellows.

'At the bottom of the instrument is another windchest, L, divided by the partitions M and M', and the exhaust and pressure-feeders N are located thereon. -.l`he trunksJ K open into their respective coinpartments of said chest, and connect it with the upper wind-chest H.

.'1he exhaust and pressure-feeders N are separate bellows, placed beneath the treadles, so as to beoperated by the feet, though this arrangement is more for convenience than necessity, except, perhaps, in very small instruments, as it appears evident that they may be operated by any other power.

The pressure-bellows O is located upon the rear portion of the wind-chest L, and receives its wind from the exhaust and pressure-feeders N, which inates the pressure-bellows O with wind drawn or exhausted from the exhaust-bellows U, and through the American reeds D.

Suitable valves P Q 1t are provided, to prcventany return of the wind thus transmitted by the feeders N. f From the pressure-bellows O wind passes through trlmks S to the reservoirs T provided for the various stops. As before stated, the best results require different pressures of' wind for organ-pipes of diit'erent classes or for French reeds, and we, therefore, employ as many reservoirs as maybe required in the particular instrument, and weight cach reservoir according to the pressure required. Each reservoir may be fed by a separate trunk, S, from the principal pressurebellows O, or the various reservoirs may be connected with each other in the order of their pressures, as shown in tig. 6.

which will resist the downward motion of the keys key as ordinarily struck, when, however, the key is drawn, the key may be still further depressed, and

Without some regulating or governing device the reservoir T might become full, and, if air continued to beforced in, the pressure would thereby be increased To prevent this condition, valves have been arranged A to permit surplus air to escape, but we prefer to com trol the amount of air to be admitted by a check. valve, which shall close the inlet before the reservoiris entirely full, and thus save wind and power. lo this end the valve V is placed within the trunk S. Said valve is fully open when the reservoir is coll lapsed, and begins to close as soon as the reservoir begins to expand. As the reservoir is more and more inflated the valve closes, and cuts off the inflow of wind before the reservoir is full. rlhis is accomplished in a'simple and efficient manner, by connecting the valve V and cap of the reservoir, by means of a wire, y, as shown in tig. 3. When the reservoirs are counected as in iig. 6, then each connecting-trunk is provided with a similar valve, and the equilibrium will be perfectly maintained in all of the reservoirs.

1n order to enablel the performer to` give unusual prominence to any particular note, the keys A'are provided with springs X, placed beneath the touch,

past a certain point. This limit will be that of the pressed so as to flex the spring X, then the increased movement of the key causes another valve to open, and an additional reed or pipe is sounded.

1n iig. 5 is shown a modification of the above-described method. 'lhe sliding jackY is interposed between the key and its bearer, and the motion of the key is thereby limited; but, when said jack is withthe coupling-wire s will then cause the corresponding key of the next bank to be depressed.

rlhe advantages seciu'ed by the improvements above described are very great. lhe variety of effects not hitherto attainable is important and beautiful, and among the principal advantages not hitherto mentioned is the perfect steadiness ofthe wind in the reservoirs, even when the feeders are worked with great irregularity or violence.

Suitable escape-valves are provided to the principal pressure-bellows O, to relieve it from over pressure.

Proper leeding-valves are also provided, to admitair to the feeders N, when the American reeds are not being sounded.

It is manifest that it is not necessary that thc exhansb-bellows or feeders should be operated by the feet., That is merely a convenient arrangement for small instruments. Said feeders may be located in any convenient part of the instrument, and may be operated by any suitable power.

Ilhe number and variety of the changes and musical combinations which may be produced by the application of our system is very great, and the c`ects new and beautiful.

E E represent a series or stop of pipes arranged along the side of the instrument.

Having now described our invention, its principles, and application,

What we claim as new isl. The combination and use of exhaust and pressure-bellows' with suction and pressure-reeds, whereby American free reeds may be combined with organpipes and French reeds, by the appliances and means set forth.

2. Exhaust and pressure-bellows arranged and combined as described, to be operated by the same power and use. thc same wind.

3; The exh'aust and pressure-feeders N, of which the ordinary foot-board forms the top, in combination with the chamber L, divided both longitudinally and transversely into four compartments, for the purpose set forth.

4. The supplemental bellows or reservoir T, to receive wind from the exhaust and pressurc-leeders through the pressure-bellows, for the purpose set forthin combination with the coinpensating and reg ulating-valve Y.

5. .lhe exhaust-bellows U, in combination with the. pressure and exhaust-feeders N, to supply the Ameriean reeds D and equalize the pressure thereon.

6. The yielding' stop-spring x, for the purpose of enabling the performer' to sound additional notes by an extra depression of the key, in the manner set forth.

CHAS. H'. DAVIE.

Witnesses: WILLlAM JACKSON.

A. J. GnnswoLn, EnwD. OAsmN. 

